What is the definition of mechanical exfoliation?

Mechanical exfoliation refers to the process of physically removing dead skin cells from the surface of the skin through scrubbing or other forms of physical contact. This method can involve the use of tools such as brushes, scrubs, or sponges that create a frictional effect, helping to slough off the outer layer of dead skin. This process not only aids in promoting a smoother appearance but also enhances skin texture and prepares it for better absorption of skincare products.

The other options describe different techniques or methods used in skincare. For instance, the use of chemical agents to dissolve dead skin cells pertains to chemical exfoliation, which involves substances like alpha-hydroxy acids or beta-hydroxy acids. High-frequency waves are generally utilized in treatments aimed at stimulating collagen or killing bacteria, which falls under advanced treatment modalities rather than exfoliation. Massaging the skin may improve blood circulation but does not physically remove skin cells in the same way that mechanical exfoliation does. Thus, the selected answer accurately defines the process of mechanical exfoliation.