Which process is defined as killing all microorganisms?

The process defined as killing all microorganisms, including bacteria, viruses, fungi, and spores, is sterilization. Sterilization is critical in various fields, including medical and cosmetic practices, where ensuring that tools and surfaces are free from any living microorganisms is essential to prevent infections and ensure client safety.

This process can be achieved through various methods, such as autoclaving, which uses high-pressure steam, and dry heat sterilization. Sterilization goes beyond disinfection, which typically reduces microorganisms to levels deemed safe for public health but does not necessarily eliminate all forms of microbial life.

Sanitization refers to the process of reducing the number of microorganisms to a safe level as determined by public health standards, while decontamination involves the removal of contaminants but does not imply complete sterility. Each of these processes serves a different purpose and is used based on the requirements of a specific environment or situation.